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Formation of chlorite rims and the impact of pore-lining chlorite on reservoir quality: a case study from Shiqianfeng sandstones in upper Permian of Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China JOURNAL ARTICLE published 18 August 2017 in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences Research funded by National Significant Petroleum Special Projects of China (2011ZX05006-004) | Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (16CX06037A) |
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When colocation is not enough: a case study of General Practitioner Super Clinics in Australia JOURNAL ARTICLE published 2017 in Australian Journal of Primary Health |
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A Case Study Of How An Irish Island School Contributes To Community Sustainability, Viability And Vitality JOURNAL ARTICLE published 1 September 2017 in Australian and International Journal of Rural Education |
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Characterizing environmental change and species’ histories from stratified faunal records in southeastern Australia: a regional review and a case study for the early to middle Holocene JOURNAL ARTICLE published 25 November 2020 in Records of the Australian Museum |
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Unhealthy sport sponsorship at the 2017 AFL Grand Final: a case study of its frequency, duration and nature JOURNAL ARTICLE published August 2019 in Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health |
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Working the Spaces in between: A Case Study of a Boundary‐Spanning Model to Help Facilitate Cross‐Sectoral Policy Work JOURNAL ARTICLE published September 2018 in Australian Journal of Public Administration |
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Implementing Change to Arrest the Decline in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) for Adolescent Girls in Two Rural and Regional High Schools JOURNAL ARTICLE published 1 November 2012 in Australian and International Journal of Rural Education |
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Designing for Diverse Learning: Case study of place-based learning in Design and Technologies pre-service teacher education JOURNAL ARTICLE published March 2017 in Australian Journal of Teacher Education |
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Suicide after discharge from psychiatric inpatient care: a case-control study in Hong Kong JOURNAL ARTICLE published January 2004 in Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry |
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Developing an Understanding of what Constitutes Mathematics Teacher Educator PCK: A Case Study of a Collaboration between two Teacher Educators JOURNAL ARTICLE published December 2017 in Australian Journal of Teacher Education |
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Suicide after Discharge from Psychiatric Inpatient Care: A Case-Control Study in Hong Kong JOURNAL ARTICLE published January 2004 in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry |
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Case Study Aim and Method BOOK CHAPTER published 2017 in The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science |
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Quantifying phenotypic plasticity of berry traits using an allometric-type approach: A case study on anthocyanins and sugars in berries of Cabernet Sauvignon JOURNAL ARTICLE published July 2007 in Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research |
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Climate Security Case Study: Australia BOOK CHAPTER published 2017 in The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science |
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Climate Security Case Study: United States BOOK CHAPTER published 2017 in The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science |
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The effect of a multidisciplinary obstetric emergency team training program, the In Time course, on diagnosis to delivery interval following umbilical cord prolapse – A retrospective cohort study JOURNAL ARTICLE published June 2017 in Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology |
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National Registration of Health Practitioners: A Comparative Study of the Complaints and Notification System Under the National System and in New South Wales – Decision Makers who Handle Complaints/Notifications About Regulated Health Practitioners in Australia JOURNAL ARTICLE published December 2018 in Australian Journal of Public Administration Research funded by Australian Research Council (LP110200075 ‐ Linkage Grant with AHPRA,HPCA) |
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Inflammatory cytokines in major depressive disorder: A case–control study JOURNAL ARTICLE published January 2017 in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry |
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Introduction Food dunking, or dipping food in water (Morand-Ferron et al. 2004), is a behaviour that has been noted across a range of bird species (Purser 1959; Morand-Ferron et al. 2004; Dearborn & Gager 2009; Kasper 2012). Dunking can be an important food-processing behaviour because it might allow animals to include items in their diets that would be otherwise unpalatable or toxic (Kasper 2012). For example, dunking might remove unpalatable tastes (Menkhorst 2012) or help to moisten or soften food, which may aid in digestion (Jones 1979; Morand-Ferron et al. 2004). Dunking has been observed in at least 25 bird species across 16 genera (Morand-Ferron et al. 2004), and appears to be particularly widespread in groups that possess high cognitive abilities (Morand-Ferron et al. 2004), such as the Corvidae (Cnotka et al. 2008; Emery et al. 2004). The Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen is a member of the Corvides (Kearns et al. 2013; previously known as the core Corvoidea: Jønsson et al. 2016), and is believed to exhibit similar high cognition (Kaplan 2008), as demonstrated by behaviours such as food storing (caching: Rollinson 2002) and tool use (McCormick 2007), but until now dunking behaviour has not been noted in this species. We observed potential dunking behaviour by two Australian Magpies within the Talbingo Caravan Park, 1.15 km from Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales (35°35′S, 148°17′E). The caravan park comprises permanent caravans, huts, and open campgrounds backed by open non-native forest, with sparse mid-storey vegetation coverage. The observation was recorded on a Sony HDR Handycam Camcorder as part of a larger study investigating the Mountain Katydid Acripeza reticulata (Orthoptera) (Umbers et al. unpubl. data), a putatively toxic and distasteful local insect (Umbers & Mappes 2015). As part of the study, live katydids were presented to wild Magpies, which were individually identifiable by their distinct territories, markings and family structures. There were few Magpies in the vicinity, so individuals were easy to track. The katydids were collected within the nearby Kosciuszko National Park and, given the proximity to the Park (1.15 km) and range of the Mountain Katydid, it is likely that the Magpies tested in this trial had encountered Mountain Katydids before. Following the presentation of one katydid to an adult male Magpie, we observed apparent food-dunking behaviour in a puddle by both the adult and a nearby juvenile Magpie. Footage is available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aYJwOSeeTg. Observations Adult male Australian Magpie An adult male Magpie was presented with two katydids, the second one 2 minutes after the first. When presented with the first katydid, the Magpie picked up and held the insect by the body or an appendage and carried the katydid for short distances, interspersed with repeated bouts of vigorous wiping (slow, repeated dragging of the item on the ground) or thrashing (vigorous beating of the item from side to side on the ground). After 12 minutes 28 seconds, the Magpie appeared to cache the katydid under a bush. The Magpie processed the second katydid as follows: (1) It carried the katydid to a tree midway between the presentation point and a puddle that had formed around a leaking tap attached to one of the campsite buildings; (2) It thrashed the katydid on the ground for 14 seconds before moving a short distance and thrashing it on the ground for another 10 seconds; (3) It picked up the katydid and moved near the puddle (~1.5 m away), wiping the katydid on the ground for c. 48 seconds; (4) It dunked the katydid in the water and thrashed the katydid on the bottom of the puddle for c. 7 seconds, although the katydid was never clearly submerged as the puddle was very shallow (Figure 1a); and (5) It placed the katydid on the side of the puddle, and walked away. Juvenile (fledgling) Australian Magpie While the male was dunking the katydid, a juvenile Magpie was <30 cm away. Two minutes 7 seconds after the male left the second katydid on the side of the puddle, the juvenile picked up the katydid, thrashed it in the puddle for 33 seconds (Figure 1b), and then thrashed it on the bank. A novel observation of food dunking in the Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen JOURNAL ARTICLE published 2017 in Australian Field Ornithology |